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第一篇：英译汉

Rising water threatens Arctic Circle villages, cultures

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.

In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia’s northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.

“It is practically all ice—permafrost—and it is thawing.” For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.

Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

In Finnmark, Norway’s northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

A changing Arctic is felt there, too. “The reindeer are becoming unhappy,” said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

“The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns,” said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. “They don’t mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.”

第二篇：汉译英

作为中国浙江省省会城市，杭州是中国著名历史文化名城。距今约5300多年的良渚文化遗址（位于杭州余杭区）是中华文明发祥地之一。

杭州以美丽的山水著称于世。中国古代谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭”表达出古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷喜爱。位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多名胜古迹而成为闻名中外的旅游胜城，2011年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。此外，气势浩荡的钱江大潮，每年吸引无数游客。

杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹。南起杭州，北到北京的京杭大运河始建于1631年，全长约1797公里，是世界上最长、最古老的人工水道。2014年6月22日，京杭大运河正式入选《世界遗产名录》。

在世界上，杭州也颇具有知名度。13世纪，意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗（Marco Polo）在游记中赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽之城”。2011 年，杭州曾被美国《纽约时报》评为全球41个旅游城市之一，被联合国评为“国际花园城市”。

杭州还曾在中美建交过程中扮演重要角色，2015年1月，中国提出发展“旅游外交”。杭州作为著名旅游城市，又率先实践“旅游外交”。

第三篇：英译汉

Will ChatGPT Replace Your Job?

ChatGPT has been all the rage. So what is it?

ChatGPT is an AI chatbot that’s a human-like conversationalist. The dialogue format and training make it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions, admit mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests. ChatGPT is OpenAI’s sibling to its InstructGPT model, which was trained to follow instructions and provide a detailed response.

OpenAI trains, rather than programs, so its AI models imply a more human-like quality to artificially intelligent software applications. There’s no doubt that some components of human-held jobs will be replaced as AI continues to advance. But just as some become obsolete, others will thrive, and others will work side-by-side with AI.

Here are three jobs some researchers believe will be replaced by AI and how you can pivot your role to take advantage of this technology to advance your career:

ChatGPT can write grammatically correct, readable articles solely based on its training data. It cannot generate original content or make editorial decisions. ChatGPT lacks empathy and originality. Its content is recognized as AI-generated most of the time by plagiarism and AI detectors. That won’t necessarily hurt SEO ranking, as some SEO experts assert. Google is against spammy automatically generated content—regardless of whether a robot or a human writes it.

All of this points to good news for content writers. Use ChatGPT to write evergreen articles and generate keywords and quality backlinks. Let ChatGPT do the heavy lifting and the time-consuming work. Once that’s done, writers can humanize the content and make it shine. Writers add flare, creativity, and originality. Good writing is in the details, which require a human touch.

ChatGPT and other AI tools can write code more quickly and accurately than human programmers, provided these AI tools receive prompts. Most of the code written by AI is simple and serves a particular function. AI can’t analyze problems with the code or come up with solutions. AI doesn’t have the critical thinking skills to work through complicated programming.

Coders and programmers also fix bugs and improve existing code, so programs run more efficiently. AI is not capable of adequately forecasting human needs. However, the two—humans and bots—will likely work side-by-side in this field, where AI takes over the mundane and repetitive tasks, and humans focus on the creative and analytical side.

AI can analyze and manipulate data sets faster and more efficiently than humans. Using AI allows financial advisors to forecast better investment mixes for their clients so long as humans can interpret the data. AI is already used for investing. Robo Advisors use algorithms or AI to make changes to investment portfolios, and chatbots are used to provide financial advice.

But there will always be a need for human expertise and judgment. Only people can give personalized advice to their clients based on their unique circumstances. People in finance should focus on relationships and cultivating trust with their clients.

Another consideration is the tightly regulated financial industry. Laws will likely be passed to regulate how AI is used within this industry. Currently, AI has little oversight or accountability. It is a “big black box.” So, while AI has many benefits, it won’t replace financial jobs soon. Nonetheless, about 32% of banks currently use AI technology for repetitive tasks, fraud protection, personalized services, and other services. AI technology is projected to save North American banks as much as $70 billion by 2025.

AI is very good at doing what it is programmed to do, and you may compete with ChatGPT for an entry-level job. Still, it is unlikely to fully replace the seasoned programmer and writer.

AI will infiltrate every industry on some level. ChatGPT is just a few months old and already shaking up the workforce in many industries. The question is how entry-level applicants will compete against this evolving technology. People will need to focus on what AI cannot do: creative and artistic work or work requiring thoughtful analysis. In essence, be human.

第四篇：汉译英

2020年11月中国开始了第七次人口普查。人口普查将为开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程提供科学准确的统计信息支持。

人口普查是推动经济高质量发展的内在需求。当前，我国经济正处于转变发展方式，优化经济结构转换增长动力的攻关期。及时查清人口数量、结构和分布这一基本国情，摸清人力资源结构信息，才能够更加准确地把握需求结构、城乡结构、区域结构、产业结构等状况，为推动经济高质量发展，建设现代化经济体系提供有力的支持。

人口普查，是完善人口发展战略和政策体系，促进人口长期均衡发展的迫切需要。自2010年第六次全国人口普查以来，我国人口发展的内在动力和外部条件发生了显著改变。人口总规模增长减缓，劳动年龄人口波动下降，老龄化程度不断加深。全面查清我国人口数量、结构、分布、城乡住房等方面的最新情况，了解人口增长、劳动力供给、流动人口变化情况，摸清老年人口规模，为制定和完善未来收入、消费、教育、就业、养老、医疗、社会保障等政策措施提供基础，也为教育和医疗机构布局、儿童和老人服务设施建设、工商业服务网点分布、城乡道路建设等提供依据。

人口普查工作从方案制定、物资准备、试点、人员培训、入户登记到数据处理等一切工作都离不开人，队伍建设非常重要。能否组织好人口普查队伍，能否做好普查人员的选调，直接影响到普查的工作质量和数据质量。

第五篇：英译汉

How Pigeons Took Over the World

It’s the morning of June 12th, 1944, and a pigeon named Paddy is making an epic 368-kilometer journey. He manages to dodge Nazi falcons then beats on through stormy weather, flying an average of 79 kilometers per hour for almost five hours straight. Paddy’s carrying the first news of the D-Day invasion back to England. He wins a medal for gallantry for this accomplishment.

Paddy was one of around 250,000 pigeons used by the British during World War II to speedily transport secret messages. In fact, pigeon delivery systems are ancient human practices. Seeing their meat as a protein source and their nitrogen-rich poop as the perfect fertilizer, humans brought pigeons into captivity as far back as 10,000 years ago. We then tapped into other traits. Pigeons are naturally speedy and possess a powerful homing instinct that drives them to navigate long distances back to the location they consider “home.” So we began developing pigeon posts and breeding and training them for racing. In a hobby called “pigeon fancying,” people selected for traits like head plumage and fabulously feathered feet.

As we carried pigeons around the world, they escaped or were released, forming the wild urban flocks we’re familiar with today. Pigeons are now one of the most abundant, widespread species on the planet, managing to thrive in chaotic cities. They owe their success to an ideal combination of traits, including some that were accentuated by humans.

Unlike birds that nest on the ground or in trees, pigeons were originally cliff-dwellers. City buildings mimic their natural habitat. And pigeons set a notoriously low bar when it comes to homemaking. Add some sticks to any window ledge or highway overpass and it’s a great spot to raise babies. This unfussiness allows them to live in environments where more specialized species can’t.

As generalists, pigeons take advantage of urban food waste. With an organ in their throats called a crop, they can gorge themselves when food is available and store some for later. They provide “crop milk” to their young instead of having to fetch them live food. Chicks grow quickly with this fat and protein-rich meal. If conditions are right, pigeons breed year-round and produce new offspring every six weeks. They actually have higher breeding rates in cities because of the abundance of food and shelter.

These booming populations attract predators. New York City is home to a million pigeons, which support large populations of raptors. But pigeons’ aptitude for swift flight, further exploited by being bred for racing, means they’re made for high-speed chases. Compared to barn owls, which are a similar size, pigeon wing bones are thicker and more curved, providing extra space for muscle mass. They can reach speeds of 125 kilometers per hour. And their large flocks ensure safety in numbers and more eyes on the lookout.

While pigeons play a starring role in urban wildlife, we’re not always enthusiastic neighbors. In 1966, New York’s parks commissioner coined the term “rats with wings” and it stuck. Indeed, their poop, which we originally cherished as fertilizer, presents a unique problem. Just one pigeon can leave behind 11 kilograms of acidic excrement per year, which, in the United States, scales to about $1.1 billion in structural damage annually. Though incidents of infection are rare, this poop can host fungi that are harmful to people if inhaled.

They may be numerous, noisy and a little too keen on your lunch, but the pigeons that swirl around us are evidence of an ancient, ongoing relationship. Their rise to world domination has been a collaborative effort. For better or for worse, we did this to ourselves.

第六篇：汉译英

随着经济社会发展和物质消费水平大幅提高，我国生活垃圾产生量迅速增长，环境隐患日益突出，已经成为新型城镇化发展的制约因素。实施生活垃圾分类，可以有效改善城乡环境，促进资源回收利用，提高城镇化质量。

垃圾分类是处理垃圾的首要环节，是解决垃圾出路问题的一个重要举措。垃圾分类是按照垃圾的不同成分、利用价值，以及对环境的影响，根据不同处理方式的要求，分成若干种类，进行分类投放，并通过分类采集、分类运输、分类处理，实现垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化。

首先，充分回收利用可回收物，通过分类投放、分类收集，把有用物品，如纸张、塑料、橡胶、玻璃等从垃圾中分离出来利用。如1吨废纸可再生新纸0.8吨，相当于少砍伐树龄为30年的树木20棵。

其次，减少垃圾处理量。分类收集便于对不同垃圾进行分类处置。例如果皮转化为有机肥。其他垃圾则进行卫生填埋或焚烧，可减少填埋量，从而节省宝贵的土地资源，实现社会效益和生态环境的双赢。

再者，如果我们不对生活垃圾进行分类，将增加后续处理难度，可造成对空气、水质、土壤的污染，危害人体健康，损害环境。总之，垃圾分类既能提高垃圾利用水平，又能减少垃圾处理量，达到回收可用资源，降低处置成本，减少土地消耗的目标，实现社会、经济、生态三方面的效益。

第七篇：英译汉

Why Don’t We Cover the Desert with Solar Panels?

Every day, the sands of the Sahara Desert reach temperatures up to 80° Celsius. Stretching over roughly nine million square kilometers, this massive desert receives about 22 million terawatt hours of energy from the Sun every year. That’s well over 100 times more energy than humanity consumes annually. So, could covering the desert with solar panels solve our energy problems for good?

Solar panels work when light particles hit their surface with enough energy to knock electrons out of their stable bonds. On their journey back to stability, these electrons produce electricity. However, there’s a limit to how much power panels can generate. Solar panels can only interact with certain wavelengths of light, making it impossible to convert over half the sunlight they receive. And even light particles they can convert often bounce off them without ever hitting an electron.

But thanks to clever scientists and engineers and substantial government investment, solar panels are generating more electricity than ever. Anti-reflective coatings and patterns on the panels’ surface create more opportunities for incoming light particles to hit electrons. These techniques have increased commercial solar panel efficiency from the low-teens to 25%, with experimental models reaching up to 47%. What’s more, solar has gotten 89% cheaper over the last decade, thanks in part to global supply chains for other technologies that use the same materials. Together, these factors have made solar power the cheapest source of electricity on Earth.

Countries including India, China, Egypt, and the US, have already taken these new panels into the desert. Their massive solar farms range from 15 to 56 square kilometers, and when the sun is high in the sky, these plants can provide energy for hundreds of thousands of local residents. But these farms also get extremely hot. Light that solar cells don’t convert or reflect is absorbed as heat, which reduces a panel’s efficiency. And the cooling systems employed by many farms can use huge amounts of energy powering fans or moving water to maintain optimal temperatures. Even with these systems, solar panels in the desert absorb far more heat than the natural sandy environment. This hasn’t been a problem on the scale of existing solar farms. But if we tried to cover the Sahara, this effect could create massive changes in the region’s climate. Constructing solar farms already disrupts local ecosystems, but a plant of this scale could dramatically transform the desert landscape.

Thankfully, solar panels aren’t our only option. And some of the largest solar plants in the world are trying a new approach: giant mirrors. Morocco’s Noor Power Plant, which will eventually cover roughly 30 square kilometers of the Sahara, is a concentrated solar power plant. This design reflects light onto a receiver, which converts that energy to heat, and then electricity. These mirrors still create a dangerous temperature shift for local wildlife, but they have less potential to transform the landscape. And since it takes time for the materials being heated to cool off, these plants often continue producing electricity past sunset.

Whether they use panels or mirrors, industrial solar farms are often easy to fit into existing energy infrastructure. However, getting their electricity beyond local power grids is much more difficult. Some countries are working on ways to connect electric grids across the globe. And many farm store energy in massive batteries, or convert their electricity into clean gas that can be used later. But right now, these techniques are still too expensive and inefficient to rely on. Worse still, industrial renewables can share some of the same problems as fossil fuels, relying on destructive mining operations and carbon-emitting global supply chains.

Fortunately, solar can exist on many scales, from industrial solar farms to smaller installations that power individual buildings and rural communities. These projects can supplement energy use or provide a passive source of energy for regions off the grid. And since solar panels rely on a few simple components, they’re quick to install and relatively easy to update. In fact, it’s this flexibility that enabled solar to become so cheap and ubiquitous over the last decade. So if we want to keep up with humanity’s rising energy use, we’ll need answers both big and small.

第八篇：汉译英

当前，新冠疫情仍在全球蔓延，世界经济依然面临衰退风险。作为负责任、有担当的大国，中国抗疫，秉持的不是独善其身，而是兼济天下。

中国反对“疫苗民族主义”，疫苗应成为全球公共产品，我们是这么说的，也是这么做的。中国迄今已向全球160多个国家和国际组织提供了抗疫物资援助，正在以不同方式向100多个国家和国际组织提供急需的疫苗，为全球疫情防控提供了强大助力。接下来，中国将继续充分发挥自身优势，维护全球抗疫物资供应链稳定，将继续积极开展人道主义援助，向有需要的国家提供支持，将继续坚定秉持疫苗公共产品的“第一属性”，让更多发展中国家用得起、用得上安全可靠的疫苗。

我们将坚持开放合作，与各国携手推动世界经济复苏。世界充满不确定，而中国的未来是确定的，我们已顺利开启“十四五”规划，迈向2035年远景目标，加快建设更高水平开放型经济新体制。一个全面迈向高质量发展的中国，将更充分发掘自身超大市场潜力，为各国带来新的发展机遇。而一个持续扩大对外开放的中国，将进一步深化与各国互利合作，为世界经济复苏注入更多动力。

全人类是一个整体，中国反对把各国分成三六九等，不赞同用意识形态划出敌我亲疏。生命与健康，生存与发展，是各国人民都应享有的平等权利。我们的世界，应当多一份理解，少一点偏见;多一份合作，少一点对抗。中国，将继续高举人类命运共同体旗帜，坚持共商共建共享原则，积极践行真正的多边主义，捍卫以《联合国宪章》为基础的国际秩序，持续完善全球治理体系，建设人类卫生健康共同体，与各国一道维护世界和平稳定，弥合人类发展鸿沟，共同开创更加美好的未来。

第九篇：英译汉

The Surprisingly Long History of Electric Cars

If you were buying a car in 1899, you would’ve had three major options to choose from. You could buy a steam-powered car. Typically relying on gas-powered boilers, these could drive as far as you wanted—provided you also wanted to lug around extra water to refuel and didn’t mind waiting 30 minutes for your engine to heat up. Alternatively, you could buy a car powered by gasoline. However, the internal combustion engines in these models required dangerous hand-cranking to start and emitted loud noises and foul-smelling exhaust while driving. So your best bet was probably option number three: a battery-powered electric vehicle. These cars were quick to start, clean and quiet to run, and if you lived somewhere with access to electricity, easy to refuel overnight.

If this seems like an easy choice, you’re not alone. By the end of the 19th century, nearly 40% of American cars were electric. In cities with early electric systems, battery-powered cars were a popular and reliable alternative to their occasionally explosive competitors. But electric vehicles had one major problem—batteries. Early car batteries were expensive and inefficient. Many inventors, including Thomas Edison, tried to build batteries that stored more electricity. Others even built exchange stations in urban areas to swap out dead batteries for charged ones. But these measures weren’t enough to allow electric vehicles to make long trips. And at over twice the price of a gas-powered car, many couldn’t afford these luxury items.

At the same time, oil discoveries lowered the price of gasoline, and new advances made internal combustion engines more appealing. Electric starters removed the need for hand-cranking, mufflers made engines quieter and rubber engine mounts reduced vibration. In 1908, Ford released the Model T; a cheap, high-quality gas-powered car that captured the public imagination. By 1915, the percentage of electric cars on the road had plummeted.

For the next 55 years, internal combustion engines ruled the roads. Aside from some special-purpose vehicles, electric cars were nowhere to be found. However, in the 1970s, the tide began to turn. US concerns about oil availability renewed interest in alternative energy sources. And studies in the 1980s linking car emissions with smog in cities like Los Angeles encouraged governments and environmental organizations to reconsider electric vehicles.

At this point, car companies had spent decades investing in internal combustion engines without devoting any resources to solving the century-old battery problem. But other companies were developing increasingly efficient batteries to power a new wave of portable electronics. By the 1990s, energy-dense nickel metal hydride batteries were on the market, soon followed by lithium-ion batteries. Alongside regulatory mandates by California to reduce smog, these innovations sparked a small wave of new electric vehicles, including hybrid cars. Hybrids aren’t true electric vehicles; their nickel metal hydride batteries are only used to optimize the efficiency of gas-burning engines. But in 2008, Tesla Motors went further, grabbing the attention of consumers, automakers, and regulators with its lithium-ion-powered Roadster. This purely electric vehicle could travel more than 320 kilometers on a single charge, almost doubling the previous record.

Since then, electric vehicles have vastly improved in cost, performance, efficiency, and availability. They can accelerate much faster than gas-powered sports cars, and while some models still have a high upfront cost, they reliably save their drivers money in the long run. As governments around the world focus on slowing climate change, electric vehicles are now expected to replace gas-powered ones altogether. In Norway, 75% of car sales in 2020 were plug-in electric vehicles. And policies such as California’s Zero Emission Vehicle mandate and Europe’s aggressive CO2 emission standards have dramatically slowed investments in gas-powered vehicles worldwide. Soon, electric cars will reclaim their place on the road, putting gasoline in our rearview.

第十篇：汉译英

工业是国民经济的主体，工业稳则经济稳。国家统计局数据显示，一季度，全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长3.0%，比去年四季度加快0.3个百分点；3月份，规模以上工业增加值同比增长3.9%，比1至2月份加快1.5个百分点。逐月向好的“上扬曲线”，彰显工业经济的韧性强大，经济“压舱石”压得很稳。

在国际环境复杂严峻的条件下，工业经济取得这样的成绩并不容易，离不开社会各界的共同努力。

健全的产业体系，是工业经济平稳增长的底气所在。开年以来，锂电装备表现亮眼，超2000项专利是行业在国际竞争中赢得优势的法宝。这背后，我们看到，行业龙头带动，配套企业联合攻关，共同构筑了产业链优势。可以说，今日中国，全球最完整、规模最大的工业体系，为工业稳增长打下了坚实基础。

我们也要看到，当前，国际环境依然复杂严峻，外需增长存在不确定性，国内市场需求仍在恢复，工业产品价格仍在下降，企业稳定盈利面临不少困难。确保全年工业经济运行在合理区间，仍需要各方齐心协同。

第十一篇：英译汉

3 Bizarre (and Delightful) Ancient Theories About Bird Migration

In May of 1822, Count Christian Ludwig von Bothmer shot down a stork over his castle grounds in North Germany. However, he wasn’t the first person to hunt that specific bird. Upon recovering the stork, von Bothmer found it impaled by a yard-long wooden spear. A local professor determined the weapon was African in origin, suggesting that somehow, this stork was speared in Africa and then flew over 2,500 kilometers to the count’s castle. This astonishing flight wasn’t just evidence of the stork’s resilience; it was an essential clue in a mystery that plagued scientists for centuries: the seasonal disappearance of birds.

Ancient naturalists had various theories to explain the annual vanishing act we now know as migration. Aristotle himself proposed three particularly popular ideas.

One theory was that birds transformed into different bodies that suited the season. For example, summer time garden warblers were believed to transform into blackcaps every winter. In reality, these are two distinct species—similar in shape and size, but never appearing at the same time. Over the following centuries, birds were said to morph into humans, plants, and even the timbers of ships. This last transmutation was especially popular with many Christian clergy. If barnacle geese were truly made of wood, they could be deemed vegetarian and enjoyed during meatless fasts.

Aristotle’s second and even more enduring hypothesis was that birds hibernate. This isn’t so far-fetched. Some species do enter short, deep sleeps which lower their heart rates and metabolisms. And there’s at least one truly hibernating bird: the Common Poorwill sleeps out winters in the deserts of North America. But researchers were proposing much more outlandish forms of hibernation well into the 19th century. Barn swallows were said to remove their feathers and hibernate in holes, or sleep through the winter at the bottom of lakes and rivers.

Aristotle’s final theory was much more reasonable, and resembled something like realistic migration. However, this idea was also taken to extremes. In 1666, the leading migration advocate was convinced that each winter, birds flew to the moon. It might seem strange that prominent researchers considered such bizarre ideas. But to be fair, the true story of migration may be even harder to believe than their wildest theories.

Roughly 20% of all bird species migrate each year, following warm weather and fresh food around the planet. For birds who spend their summers in the northern hemisphere, this journey can span from 700 to over 17,000 kilometers, with some flights lasting as long as four months. Birds who migrate across oceans may soar without stopping for over 100 hours. Sleeping and eating on the fly, they navigate the endless ocean by the stars, wind currents, and Earth’s magnetic field.

Tracking the specifics of these epic expeditions is notoriously difficult. And while birds often take the most direct route possible, storms and human development can alter their paths, further complicating our attempts to chart migration.

Fortunately, Count von Bothmer’s stork offered physical proof not only that European storks were migrating south for the winter, but also where they were migrating to. Ornithologists across the continent were eager to map the trajectory of this flight, including Johannes Thienemann. Owner of the world’s first permanent bird observatory, Thienemann was a major public advocate for the study of birds. And to solve the field’s biggest mystery, he wrangled an army of volunteers from across Germany. His team used aluminum rings to tag the legs of two thousand storks with unique numbers and the address of his offices. Then he advertised the initiative as widely as possible. His hope was that word of the experiment would find its way to Africa, so people finding the tags would know to mail them back with more information.

Sure enough, from 1908 to 1913, Thienemann received 178 rings, 48 of which had been found in Africa. Using this data, he plotted the first migration route ever discovered, and definitively established that storks were not, in fact, flying to the moon.

第十二篇：汉译英

中国制造业海外需求旺盛，高技术产品出口增加成为外贸高质量发展一大亮点。”浙江大学研究员盘和林表示，当前全球通胀率高企，中国高技术制造业的最终消费品具有很高性价比，出口市场将进一步打开。

外贸额突破6万亿美元；连续5年保持世界货物贸易第一大国地位；过去5年跨境电商进出口规模增长近10倍……多年来，我国外贸不断转动力、调结构，出口产品质量档次和附加值均逐步提高，“中国制造”叫好叫座。

“当前，随着我国劳动力、土地等生产要素成本的上升，服装、鞋帽、手机加工等劳动密集型外贸企业出口面临的竞争压力客观有所加大。”李大伟指出，印度、越南等经济体虽然出口额近期增长迅速，但在全球价值链中的地位仍处于劳动密集型的加工组装环节，明显低于我国。对我国来说，人力资本和创新能力是当前对外贸易高质量发展的突出优势，能有力支撑我国在大多数资本和技术密集型产品贸易中不断提升出口竞争力。

李大伟指出，我国应发挥自身优势，不断提升劳动密集型产品的质量和功能，抢占相关产业链的高端环节，获取更高的产品附加值和国际竞争力。

第十三篇：英译汉

Why Is the Mona Lisa So Famous?

As dawn broke over Paris on August 21st, 1911, Vincenzo Peruggia hoisted a painting off the wall and slipped down the back stairs of the Louvre. He was close to freedom, the exit just before him when he encountered a two-pronged problem: the door was locked and footsteps were approaching. Tucked under Peruggia’s arm was Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. It’s arguably the world’s most famous painting today. But how did it achieve its status?

Leonardo is thought to have started the portrait in 1503 at the request of a Florentine businessman who wanted a portrait of his wife, Lisa Gherardini. Leonardo continued working on the painting for more than 10 years, but it was unfinished by the time he died.

Over his lifetime, Leonardo conducted groundbreaking studies on human optics, which led him to pioneer certain artistic techniques. Some can be seen in the Mona Lisa. Using “atmospheric perspective,” he made images at greater distances hazier, producing the illusion of profound depth. And with “sfumato,” he created subtle gradations between colors that softened the edges of the forms he depicted.

All of this is striking, but is it enough to make the Mona Lisa the world’s most famous painting? Many scholars consider it an outstanding Renaissance portrait—but one among plenty. And history is full of great paintings. Indeed, the Mona Lisa’s rise to worldwide fame depended largely on factors beyond the canvas.

King François the First of France purchased the painting and began displaying it after Leonardo’s death. Then, in 1550, Italian scholar Giorgio Vasari published a popular biography of Italian Renaissance artists, Leonardo included. The book was translated and distributed widely, and it contained a gushing description of the Mona Lisa as a hypnotic imitation of life.

Over the years, the Mona Lisa became one of the most enviable pieces in the French Royal Collection. It hung in Napoleon’s bedroom and eventually went on public display in the Louvre Museum. There, visitors flocked to see the once-private treasures of the deposed aristocracy.

During the 1800s, a series of European scholars further hyped the Mona Lisa up, fixating to a conspicuous degree on the subject’s allure. In 1854, Alfred Dumesnil said that Mona Lisa’s smile imparted a “treacherous attraction.” A year later, Theophile Gautier wrote of her “mocking lips” and “gaze promising unknown pleasures.” And in 1869, Walter Pater described Mona Lisa as the embodiment of timeless feminine beauty.

By the 20th century, the portrait was an iconic piece in one of the world’s most famous museums. But theMona Lisa wasn’t yet a household name. It was Peruggia’s 1911 heist that helped it skyrocket to unprecedented fame.

Having been contracted to make protective cases for the Louvre, it wasn’t totally inconceivable for Peruggia to be locked inside the museum. And, lucky for him, when a workman encountered him in the stairwell, he simply helped Peruggia open the door and let him walk out into the morning. The theft made international headlines. People gathered to see the blank space where the Mona Lisa once hung. The police interviewed Peruggia because he had worked at the Louvre, but they never considered him a suspect. Meanwhile, they interrogated Pablo Picasso because of his connection to a previous Louvre theft, but eventually let him go.

For two years, Peruggia kept the painting in a false-bottom suitcase, then smuggled the Mona Lisato Italy and arranged to sell it to a Florentine art dealer. Peruggia saw himself as an Italian patriot returning an old master’s work. But instead of being celebrated as such, he was immediately arrested. With the mystery solved, the Mona Lisa went back on display to large crowds, and newspapers took the story for a victory lap.

In the following decades, conceptual artist Marcel Duchamp mocked it; Nazi art thieves pursued it; Nat King Cole sang about it; and museumgoers wielding stones, paint, acid, and teacups attacked it. More than 500 years after its creation—eyebrows and eyelashes long since faded—the Mona Lisa is protected by a bulletproof, earthquake-safe case. Now, it stands perhaps less as an exemplary Renaissance portrait and more as a testament to how we create and maintain celebrity.

第十四篇：汉译英

全国消费市场强劲复苏势头下，女性消费在美妆、家居、服饰等领域的消费主导地位愈发凸显。女性的消费选择，深刻影响着消费市场结构变革和发展趋势。

第三届中国国际消费品博览会（以下简称消博会）期间，“她经济”“她力量”成为嘉宾热议的高频词。在“新时代女性+”系列高峰论坛上，与会嘉宾围绕“新女性、新消费、新商机”为主题，聚焦女性消费的时尚化和艺术化需求，交流新时代品牌建设、创新营销、产品创意等话题。

本届消博会上，来自65个国家和地区超3300个消费精品品牌参展，尤其在珠宝首饰、奢侈品和美妆护肤消费领域，吸引众多女性参观驻足。

多位与会嘉宾向记者表示，提振消费信心的关键，在于培育消费者可信赖的健康消费文化。女性能以更细腻的视角，以及兼具柔性与坚韧的力量去塑造消费文化。

中国珠宝玉石首饰行业协会会长叶志斌表示，新时代女性经济正在孕育成为推动消费、创造需求、促进经济社会发展的强劲动力。论坛通过交流新时代女性经济，从而推动经济、艺术、科技、文化、珠宝、时尚等元素的高度融合和高质量发展，为新时代女性经济的发展带来新启示。

第十五篇：英译汉

Why Are We So Fascinated by Ghost Towns?

We live in an increasingly urban world. Busy lives on busy streets, the hustle and bustle of everyday life. But imagine if suddenly everything stopped. The homes suddenly empty, and everything was abandoned.

Throughout history, there have been hundreds of ghost towns, places abandoned for a range of reasons. In many instances, abandonment is rapid and locations transform abruptly from being live and ‘in the present’ to being dead and ‘in the past’, leaving behind broken but recognisable remnants of life, and often a pervading sense of melancholy.

The abandonment of towns is nothing new. Remnants of human presence have inspired artists and poets dating back to ancient times. Whether romanticised or dreaded, our fascination with ghost towns carries on to this day, creating a subculture of ‘dark tourism’.

Travelling to these abandoned sites can take on the significance of a pilgrimage, especially where a location is associated with death. Travel agents offer day trips to Chernobyl. For some, the opportunity to witness the aftermath of a nuclear disaster is too tempting to resist. Visitors also flock to Epecuen in Argentina, a town semi-submerged after the dam above it broke in 1985.

There are many other reasons why towns are suddenly abandoned. One of them is war. In June, 1944, the Waffen-SS (武装党卫军) murdered the entire population of Oradour-sur-Glane in occupied France, a total of 642 men, women and children. The ruined streets and homes have remained untouched ever since—a memorial to the dead.

On the other side of the Channel, in the autumn of 1943, as Britain prepared for D-Day, the residents of Imber, in Wiltshire, were told that they had mere weeks to leave their homes as the Ministry of Defence needed places for troop training and target practice. Residents assumed that they’d be able to return to their homes after the war, but in fact the Ministry of Defence retained the village. Imber is still used to this day for urban warfare training.

Not all ghost towns have such violent histories. All over the world, practicalities such as clean water, electricity and transport led to the displacement of thousands of people who sacrificed their homes, schools and businesses to enable other cities to thrive.

The village of Capel Celyn, in Wales, was controversially vacated and then flooded in 1965 to provide a water reservoir for the city of Liverpool. The action was, and still is, deeply resented by nationalists in Wales, furious that a Welsh community paid such a high price for England’s gain.

At times, ghost towns represent a cautionary tale. A reminder of how humanity’s own actions have also created a legacy of uninhabitable landscapes. Abandoned mining towns like Gilman, Colorado, heavily mined for silver, lead and zinc since the late 1800s, then were ordered to vacate in 1984, due to toxic pollutants that contaminated the groundwater. To this day, Gilman remains unsafe and off-limits to the public.

Climate change too presents an existential threat to the populations of some towns and cities. Flood, wildfires, weather and erosion cause people to have to abandon their homes all over the world.

The ancient civilisation of Harappa on the Indus River Valley was possibly a victim of climate change around 1800 BCE, when it was abandoned due to the disruption of river systems. Today, the Welsh village of Fairbourne is facing an uncertain future. Built on the coast in the mid-19th Century, the village largely sits below sea level. With levels rising due to climate change, defending the village is no longer sustainable. The residents of Fairbourne are in danger of becoming among the first UK citizens to be displaced by climate change.

Nobody in these abandoned communities expected that this would happen to them. Our lives, homes and cities seem so permanent. It’s frightening to realise we’re largely powerless to prevent forces acting at scale. Perhaps we’re drawn to these ghost towns for a very simple and intimate reason: for the opportunity to imagine, “What if this happened to me?”

第十六篇：汉译英

网购年货、快递特产、线上买菜……今年春节，全国超过1亿人就地过年，年货递送不打烊，让“原年人”（原地过年的人们）有了过年的新方式。

大到数码产品、家用电器，小到食品、日常用品，随着就地过年成为今年春节的主旋律，有更多人选择从网上购买年货。数据显示，2月4日至2月15日，牛年发货量是2019年农历同期4倍，快递发货量达到2019年农历同期8倍以上。

供给侧储备能力增加，需求侧宅经济购物需求旺盛，双重作用带动了春节快递业务量的增长。春节期间，全国邮政快递业累计揽收和投递快递包裹6.6亿件，同比增长260%。

除夕当天，有的平台外卖订单量同比增长70%，北京、上海、深圳、广州、重庆位居前五位，青岛线上年夜饭套餐销售数量同比增长近3倍。

“春节快递包裹承载的品类大多是食品、农特产品和亲人朋友之间互寄的礼物，这说明快递包裹如今已走向寻常百姓家，也直接反映了线上消费的蓬勃活力。”国家邮政局王丰表示。

春节期间，苏宁对北京、上海、广州、武汉等全国300个核心城市提供“次日达”服务。京东也推出超市便利、生鲜果蔬、医药健康等商品1小时送达服务，全力保障各类民生物资供给充足、高效配送。

第十七篇：英译汉

Travelling to work is not always a waste of time

Americans are “always in a hurry”, wrote Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, his opus published in 1835. Until the Covid-19 pandemic, nowhere was this more evident in recent decades than in packed trains at peak times as people commuted to work.

Almost 75% of professionals in America say the journey is what they dread most about going back to the office. Working remotely a few days a week is here to stay. Rush-hour traffic, overcrowded trains and transport strikes (like those on London’s tube in the past week) all argue for working from home. Across America and Europe, rising fares eat into people’s salaries. The outcry for lower carbon emissions adds additional weight to the argument for millions of employees who are not undertaking unnecessary journeys. In some emerging cities, getting to work involves honks and epic gridlock as well as accidents.

Every now and again, most people will nevertheless need to make the trip to the office and back. Whether you are walking, cycling, on a Vespa, taking the bus, the tram or the subway, the range of options is wide, and rich in texture and colour. Some people will insist that no commute is ever worth the trouble. With the right attitude, it does not have to feel like temporary brain damage. This guest Bartleby, who takes the underground to The Economist’s London office three times a week, finds it both useful and oddly fulfilling.

Just how useful and fulfilling will depend on what exactly your commute looks like. But unless you hop into your car on your driveway and hop out at your company car park, it will involve at least some physical activity. If you are cycling, or just picking up your walking pace to catch that bus or train, you combine being outdoors with an element of struggle—a healthy amount of which can be invigorating, not draining. And if you don’t catch it, don’t worry. Your hours have almost certainly become more flexible than the previous nine-to-five routine. That next train may anyway be less like a cattle car.

Like all dislocations, even regular and predictable ones, the daily commute is also a time and place where you are more exposed to physical and psychological elements from which you are shielded at home or at work. In “Falling in Love” a film released in 1984, Meryl Streep and Robert De Niro meet as they commute on the same train month after month from the suburbs to New York City, until, one day, they embark on an emotional affair. The plot is banal and the dialogue dim, but the idea that a journey injects a sense of risk and possibility is both deep and real.

Public transport, which a lot of commuting involves, remains the most democratic way of going to work. As chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987, Paul Volcker travelled coach class on the shuttle from New York to Washington, DC, and took the bus in both cities. As a public servant embodying civic duty, the central banker was known for his financial discipline in personal affairs, as well as monetary policy. At a time when greed was good, and limos, helicopters and private jets were great, frugality from “the custodian of the nation’s money” sent a strong message. As companies bracing for a recession tighten their belts, Volcker’s example seems particularly relevant.

Perhaps most important of all in an era of remote work, the commute helps mark out the mental distance between home and the office, which disappears when the kitchen table has become your work station. It offers a useful buffer – a liminal space separating the personal and the professional.

Getting ready to leave for work in the morning involves an element of planning – sometimes even anticipation. Stepping out of your home, and your comfort zone, you feel more alive by default. When you are walking to the train station, purpose is externalised and compressed. In the afternoon, you can use that time as a curtain to separate the day from the rest of the evening, probe into those pieces of inner life that nag and still feel connected to the world. Bartleby lets her thoughts meander while on the move. Time wasted is time gained.

Few people relish holing up in one place for ever. Working remotely from a secluded village in Italy may sound like a treat for a while. Yet like all sameness, it soon begins to feel stifling. In a modern world where de Tocqueville’s words ring true of everyone everywhere, it may seem strange to add to the hurriedness. But not if you think of the commute as punctuation in the larger tale.

第十八篇：汉译英

至今，中国新能源汽车发展已经走过十余年，成绩斐然。在全球汽车电动化的进程中，中国率先迈出了第一步，取得了先发效应，极大增强了企业和民众的自信。

近日，据中国汽车工业协会统计分析，2021年1-11月，我国新能源汽车产销继续创新高，累计产量已超过300万辆，销量接近300万辆。11月，新能源汽车市场渗透率17.8%，继续高于上月，其中新能源乘用车市场渗透率达到19.5%。在新能源汽车蓬勃发展的新阶段，认清产业发展的重大意义与未来愿景十分必要。

从汽车产业来看，发展新能源汽车让中国向汽车强国更进了一大步。在21世纪初，我国在汽车产业转型的重要时期，创造性地将发展新能源汽车与提升产业竞争力、保障能源安全、改善空气质量和应对气候变化联合在一起。从市场规模来看，中国已经成为全球最大的电动汽车市场，电动乘用车累计销量占全球45%，电动公交和电动卡车销量更是占到全球的90%以上。已建成的公共充电桩数量超过美国、欧洲和日本的总和。

到2025年全球对新能源汽车产业的投资预计约3000亿美金，其中45%流向中国。对外开放程度不断提高，将进一步丰富中国新能源车产品选择，也展现了中国政府对本地技术实力的信心。

第十九篇：英译汉

Degrowth: Is It Time to Live Better with Less?

Most economists argue the pursuit of economic growth is both good and necessary. But is it?

In the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, more than 1,100 economists, scholars and climate activists from over 60 countries signed an open letter calling for an end to a capitalist system which pursues growth at all costs. Instead, they advocated for ‘degrowth’, a concept that directly challenges the long-held view that more is always better.

Put simply, the objective of degrowth is to ensure that life is at the center of our economic systems. That means challenging the idea that economic growth is good for everyone, and instead, focusing directly on making people happier and healthier.

Ever since the metric of gross domestic product, or GDP, was first proposed in 1937, policymakers have been striving to increase this measure of a country’s economic welfare. However, advocates of degrowth say GDP shouldn’t be considered a proxy for progress, arguing there is an urgent need for us to learn how to live better while producing less. So, what would that look like?

Rich countries would be urged to reduce inequality through measures such as job guarantees, a shorter working week and potentially a universal basic income. It would require high-income countries to dramatically scale down energy and resource use. Low-income countries, meanwhile, should continue to grow their economies in a sustainable way, at least until they reach a level of parity with middle-income nations.

One of the core aims of degrowth is to tackle the idea that every sector of the economy must grow, all the time, regardless of whether or not we actually need it. Advocates argue that, instead of growing sectors such as the arms and automotive industries, more focus should be placed on areas such as public transportation and renewable energy.

But what about the risks associated with a slowing economy? Critics of degrowth worry about just that, with some pointing to 2020’s sharp economic contraction as one example.

The spread of COVID last year coincided with the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Strict public health measures and reduced mobility saw the global economy contract by 4.3%. Some described this sharp slowdown as “degrowthism in action,” but degrowthers themselves said this was misleading and rejected such criticism. They say degrowth is different because it is a planned contraction that aims to be equitable. By contrast, a recession is an unplanned event that can exacerbate inequality and reduce wellbeing. They even argued the economic crisis was in fact related to our dependence on growth. Leading proponents of the movement have also stressed that degrowth does not call for a reduction in personal income, noting that rich countries already have more than enough resources to secure good lives for everyone.

While degrowth has received renewed attention in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, the idea itself first gained prominence in the early 1970s.

The history of the degrowth movement can be traced back to 1972, when French philosopher Andre Gorz first coined the term: ‘décroissance’, which is translated into English as ‘degrowth’. Gorz questioned whether the Earth’s natural balance was compatible with the survival of a capitalist system that pursues relentless economic growth. In the same year, a think tank called the Club of Rome published a book entitled “Limits to Growth.” In it, researchers from MIT predicted that our seemingly never-ending appetite for industrial growth would see civilization collapse sometime in the 21st century. This idea was widely criticized at the time, and in 2002, one Danish academic even suggested the book should be relegated to the “dustbin of history.”

Researchers at the University of Melbourne, however, argued that more than 40 years on, the book’s forecasts appear accurate. And, if we continue to track in line with its projections, we should expect to see the early stages of global collapse appearing soon.

In the decades since these discussions were first published, increasing alarm over the scale and speed of the climate crisis has sharpened the focus on ideas that tackle rampant consumerism in high-income countries.

Despite the ongoing pandemic, a recent global survey found that most people perceive climate change to be the biggest threat to their country. The United Nations has recognized the environmental emergency as the “defining issue of our time,” warning that in order to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, global emissions must be cut to zero by 2050. That’s a huge undertaking and one that will require far-reaching and unprecedented changes across all aspects of society.

With worldwide mobility brought to a standstill in 2020, the coronavirus crisis led to the largest-ever decline of global emissions on record. To some, it elevated hopes that carbon emissions had peaked and illustrated the potential for a long-term low-carbon recovery. Nonetheless, pollution at the end of 2020 rebounded to pre-lockdown levels as economies gradually opened up, prompting the International Energy Agency to stress that this should serve as a “stark warning” to world leaders.

The U.S. and European Union have crafted policies in recent years to cut carbon emissions and invest in renewable energy, focusing on “green growth” instead of degrowth, much to the dismay of some in the degrowth movement.

While degrowth has yet to go mainstream, there have been a few green shoots of progress in recent years. Scotland, Iceland and New Zealand have all pledged to prioritize wellbeing rather than solely focusing on economic growth. Perhaps it won’t be too long before others are tempted to follow suit.

第二十篇：汉译英

近日，国际货币基金组织（IMF）大幅上调中国今年经济增长预期至5.2%，并将今年全球经济增长预期上调至2.9%。

IMF原秘书长林建海认为，对于世界经济而言，2023年仍将是充满挑战的一年，低增长率能否在今年触底，2024年会不会最终出现上行仍存在高度不确定性。“一低三高”（低增长、高通胀、高债务、高碎片化）的组合或将伴随我们更长的时间，从而对全球经济产生巨大的负面影响。

他指出，中国优化新冠疫情防控措施将刺激包括投资和消费在内的国内需求，而中国经济的复苏必将有助于稳定全球供应链，刺激包括中国公民跨境旅游在内的全球商品服务需求。“这对世界经济复苏是一重要进展。”

他表示，自2008年国际金融危机到2020年，中国对世界经济增长的贡献率约为三分之一。如果IMF对2023年中国经济增速和世界经济增速的预测得以实现，中国对全球经济增长的贡献率将恢复到三分之一左右。“从长期来看，中国能否保持这一贡献水平，将取决于中国在经济政策和结构性改革方面持续深入的努力和高水平的对外开放。”

林建海指出，当前世界正遭受前所未见的多重危机，包括新冠疫情对经济社会的持续影响、俄乌冲突、世界经济增长放缓、仍在攀升的高利率、债务积压、全球“碎片化”加剧、气候危机等。“应对这样一场多元危机，需要世界各国政策制定者的建设性参与。这对于避免极端有害情况的发生至关重要。”

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